Hodgkin lymphoma bears the name of thomas hodgkin, who described the disease in 1832. This disease was called hodgkin s disease for about 170 years. Non hodgkin lymphoma also known as non hodgkin s lymphoma, nhl, or sometimes just lymphoma is a cancer that starts in white blood cells called lymphocytes, which are part of the bodys immune system. Hl is characterized by the progression from one group of lymph nodes to another and the development of systemic symptoms.
Hodgkin disease lymphoma hodgkin lymphoma medlineplus. Nhl is a term thats used for many different types of lymphoma that all share some of the same characteristics. Kadin lymphomas are malignant neoplasms of the lymphoid tissues and are classified into two groups, hodgkin s disease hd and non hodgkin s lymphomas nhl harris et al, 1994. Hodgkins disease hd is a type of lymphoma, which is a blood cancer that starts in the lymphatic system. Hodgkin described several cases of people with symptoms of a cancer involving the lymph nodes. Hodgkin lymphoma is an uncommon cancer that develops in the lymphatic system, which is a network of vessels and glands spread throughout your body. This lymphoid malignancy involves peripheral lymph nodes and can also affect organs such as liver, lung, and bone marrow. Hodgkin lymphoma isnt infectious and isnt thought to run in families. Pathophysiology of hodgkin s lymphoma hl what are the characteristics of hl.
Clear fluid called lymph flows through the lymphatic vessels and contains infectionfighting white blood cells, known as lymphocytes. Most patients can be cured if the disease is detected in its early stages, but even those with advanced hodgkin lymphoma have a significant chance of recovery. Nonhodgkin lymphomas hematology and oncology merck. Hodgkin lymphoma hl is a rare human bcell lymphoid malignancy representing 11. Pathophysiology and molecular aspects of diffuse large bcell. Review indepth clinical information, latest medical news, and guidelines on hodgkin lymphoma symptoms and hodgkin s disease. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Hodgkin lymphoma, also known as hodgkins disease, is a type of lymphoma, a cancer of the lymphatic system. The first sign of hodgkin disease is often an enlarged lymph node. The lymphatic system helps the immune system get rid of waste and fight infections. Non hodgkin lymphoma and hodgkin lymphoma are the two main types.
Understand non hodgkin s lymphoma with this clear explanation from dr. Hodgkins lymphoma and non hodgkins lymphoma are types of lymphoma. The escape from apoptosis and transcriptional reprogramming of hrs cells are interlinked and appear central to disease pathogenesis. Mass cytometry study of follicular lymphoma tumors reveals cellular characteristics.
Pathophysiology and molecular aspects of diffuse large b. Such composite lymphomas can be combinations of two nonhodgkin lymphomas or a combination of a nonhodgkin lymphoma and a hodgkins. The lymphatic system is a network of nodes knots of tissue connected by vessels that. It affects about 8500 patients each year in the united states and is distinguished from all other forms of lymphoma the non hodgkin lymphomas by several unique pathologic and biologic features. Symptoms include painless lymphadenopathy, sometimes with fever, night sweats, unintentional weight loss, pruritus, splenomegaly, and hepatomegaly. The understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of nonhodgkins lymphomas nhl has significantly improved in recent years. The lymphatic system is part of your immune system. The most common subtype, diffuse large bcell lymphoma dlbcl, is characterized by a diffuse proliferation of large and mature bcells. The hallmark of this diagnosis is the presence of reedsternberg rs cells which are malignant transformed lymphocytes.
Non hodgkin lymphoma includes a diverse spectrum of. Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of composite. Lymphoma, any of a group of malignant diseases of the lymphatic system, usually starting in the lymph nodes or in lymphoid tissues of other organs, such as the lungs, spleen, and skin. Hodgkin lymphoma hodgkin lymphoma hl, one of the most curable forms of cancer, was named for thomas hodgkin, a british pathologist. Symptoms may include fever, night sweats, and weight loss. Pathophysiology of hodgkin lymphoma mdedge hematology. As for other cancers, nonhodgkin lymphoma involves patterns of multifactorial pathogenesis with environmental factors, as well as genetic, occupational and. Non hodgkin lymphomas nhl are a heterogeneous group of disorders involving malignant monoclonal proliferation of lymphoid cells in lymphoreticular sites, including lymph nodes, bone marrow, the spleen, the liver, and the gi tract. Hodgkin lymphoma hematology and oncology merck manuals. The molecular pathogenesis of hodgkin lymphoma wiley online. The disease is defined in terms of its microscopic appearance histology see the image below and the expression of cell surface markers immunophenotype.
Hodgkins lymphoma hl is a type of lymphoma in which cancer originates from a specific type of white blood cells called lymphocytes. Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of composite lymphomas. Presenting symptoms usually include peripheral lymphadenopathy. A family history of hodgkin lymphoma in siblings or parents has been associated with an increased risk of this disease. Being in early or late adulthood, being male, past epsteinbarr infection, and a family history of hodgkin lymphoma can increase the risk of adult hodgkin lymphoma.
The origin of the hl reedsternberg cells hlrsc became clear with the introduction of microdissection and singlepcr methods. In hodgkin s lymphoma hl, the b cell origin of the tumour cells, the hodgkin and reedsternberg hrs cells, has been disclosed by molecular single cell analysis about 10 yr ago. Hodgkin lymphoma, also called hodgkin disease, an uncommon cancer of the lymphatic system malignant lymphoma that usually strikes young adults and people 55 years of age or older. Lymphoma is a cancer of a part of the immune system called the lymph system. Section of cancer surveillance, international agency for. In some cases of non hodgkin lymphoma, your medical team may talk to you about palliative care. Hodgkins lymphoma is a rare cancer of the lymphatic system that affects the blymphocytes and leaves a patient susceptible to infection.
About 8590% of non hodgkin lymphomas are derived from b cells, whereas the remaining lymphomas are derived from t cells or. Palliative care aims to improve your quality of life by alleviating symptoms of cancer without aiming to cure the disease. Nonhodgkin lymphomas nhls occur as a result of an expansion and progressive accumulation of a mature single clone of lymphocytes. But it can also affect other parts of the body, such as the spleen, bone marrow or liver. Pdf immunobiology and pathophysiology of hodgkin lymphomas. About marrow, blood and blood cells the information in this section about normal blood and marrow may help you understand the lymphoma information in the rest of this guide. Etiology of hodgkin lymphoma c81 in central and south.
Estimates suggest that around 1 in 25,000 people are. The prognosis for non hodgkin lymphoma depends on the stage of the cancer, the type of non hodgkin lymphoma, the amount of lactate dehydrogenase ldh in the blood, whether there are certain changes in the genes, the patients age and general health, and whether the lymphoma has just been diagnosed or has recurred come back. Learn more about the symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment of lymphoma in this indepth article from webmd. Hodgkin lymphoma, also known as hodgkin s disease, is a type of lymphoma, a cancer of the lymphatic system. Hodgkin lymphoma formerly, hodgkin disease is a potentially curable lymphoma with distinct histology, biologic behavior, and clinical characteristics. As well as slowing the spread of non hodgkin lymphoma, palliative treatment can relive pain and help to manage other symptoms. A few cases of combined classic and nodular lymphocyte predominant hodgkin s lymphoma nlphl, the two major subtypes of hodgkin s lymphoma, have also been described. The two main types of hodgkin lymphoma are classic and nodular lymphocytepredominant. Immunobiology and pathophysiology of hodgkin lymphomas. The stages of hl tell you about the number and places in the body that are affected and helps your doctor to decide what treatment you need. Hodgkin lymphoma hl is a malignancy of the germinalcenter b cells that affects the reticuloendothelial and lymphatic systems. Pdf classical hodgkin lymphoma hl is characterized by the presence of reedsternberg rs cells, which are transformed postgerminal center b cells. Hodgkin lymphoma is a cancer of the lymphatic system hodgkin lymphoma usually starts in the lymph nodes.
The majority of children and young people with lymphoma will recover completely, with hodgkin s lymphoma carrying a more favourable prognosis than nonhodgkin s lymphoma. Hodgkin lymphoma pathophysiology of blood disorders. Hodgkin lymphoma hl is one of the most frequent lymphomas in the western world, with an annual incidence of about 3 cases per 100,000 persons. Often there will be nonpainful enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, under the arm, or in the groin. Epidemiology and risk factors and clinical presentation and diagnosis of classic hodgkin lymphoma in adults and pretreatment evaluation, staging, and treatment stratification of classic hodgkin lymphoma and clinical manifestations, pathologic features, and diagnosis of nodular lymphocytepredominant hodgkin lymphoma. Adult hodgkin lymphoma is a disease in which malignant cancer cells form in the lymph system. Hodgkin lymphoma is a localized or disseminated malignant proliferation of cells of the lymphoreticular system, primarily involving lymph node tissue, spleen, liver, and bone marrow. Complications include tumour lysis syndrome, which is seen when rapid lysis of tumour cells causes release of large amounts of phosphorus. Non hodgkin lymphoma sometimes called nhl, or just lymphoma is a cancer that starts in cells called lymphocytes, which are part of the bodys immune system.